---
title: "Toxic Tort Claims"
url: "https://legal.ge/en/service/civil-law-en/toxic-tort-claims-en"
field: "Civil Law"
description: "Toxic damage: liability of the structure and substance owner (Art. 1000), causation and the three-year period. Legal.ge."
reviewed: "2026-07-09"
updated: "2026-10-23"
publisher: "legal.ge"
---

# Toxic Tort Claims

> Source: legal.ge, https://legal.ge/en/service/civil-law-en/toxic-tort-claims-en

## Toxic Tort Claims — the Real Legal Route

In cases of toxic damage — harm to health or property caused by poisonous or noxious substances — Georgian law has no special "toxic tort" statute and no group-claim regime: this must be said plainly at the outset. Questions of written environmental permitting remain in other legislation; the Civil Code gives the injured party an ordinary tort claim. It stands on two norms: Article 992 — a person who causes damage to another by an unlawful, intentional or negligent act is obliged to compensate it; and Article 1000 — liability for damage caused by the increased hazard emanating from a structure. It is this second norm that is the central instrument in toxic-damage cases.

The full text is available on legal.ge after signing in: https://legal.ge/en/service/civil-law-en/toxic-tort-claims-en

### Is there a separate toxic-tort statute?

No. Georgian law has no special toxic-tort or class-action statute; environmental-permitting issues are governed by other legislation. The civil route is an ordinary tort claim — Articles 992 and 1000.

### Who answers for damage from a poisonous substance?

Under Article 1000 — the owner of the structure from which the increased hazard emanates, and the same liability applies to owners of fire-hazardous, explosive, poisonous or noxious substances. Damage from a radioactive substance is compensated by its user.

### Which damage is compensable?

Under Article 412, only damage that was foreseeable for the debtor and is the direct consequence of the damaging act.

### How is the amount of damage determined?

Under Article 414, the creditor's interest and the time and place of performance are taken into account.

### Within what period can suit be brought?

Under Article 1008 — within three years from the moment the victim learned of the damage or of the liable person.