---
title: "Treaty Negotiation Advisory"
url: "https://legal.ge/en/service/international-law-en/treaty-negotiation-advisory-en"
field: "International Law"
description: "Treaty negotiations: from recommendations to ratification (Article 8). Procedure explained by Legal.ge."
reviewed: "2026-02-15"
updated: "2026-11-07"
publisher: "legal.ge"
---

# Treaty Negotiation Advisory

> Source: legal.ge, https://legal.ge/en/service/international-law-en/treaty-negotiation-advisory-en

## The Legal Framework of Treaty Negotiations

Negotiations on international treaties are in Georgia not merely diplomatic practice — they are a strictly law-governed procedure. The law defines the entire chain: from recommendations and proposals on the conclusion of a treaty, through the intention to participate, the decision to open negotiations and the negotiating mandate, to submission to parliament. For commercial organisations cooperating with the state on international agreements, knowledge of this framework is decisive.

The Parliament of Georgia submits its recommendations on the conclusion of a treaty to the Government. The Supreme Court and the Public Defender may also submit recommendations on matters within their competence. Recommendations must contain a substantiation of the expediency of concluding the treaty. Where the Government approves them, it instructs the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, within 2 months of their submission, to prepare a proposal on the conclusion of the treaty.

## Proposals and Conclusions

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs submits its proposal to the Government no later than 6 months from the relevant decision. A ministry's proposal must contain the authentic text of the treaty in Georgian and the relevant foreign language, and a substantiation of the expediency of conclusion and of its political, legal, economic, financial and other possible consequences. Where necessary, it must be accompanied by a draft of amendments to normative acts and identify the state organ responsible for implementation.

The proposal first passes through conclusions: the Ministry of Foreign Affairs presents it to the Ministry of Justice for a conclusion on compliance with legislation, to the Ministry of Finance for a conclusion on possible financial-economic consequences, and to the relevant ministry. This multi-stage check guarantees that the treaty systematically corresponds to Georgian law.

## Intention, Decision and Mandate

Where participation in a treaty requires the prior consent of another state or international organisation, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs submits to the Government a proposal on the intention to participate. The decision on the intention is taken by the Government in the form of a disposition. The decision to open negotiations and to sign inter-state and inter-governmental treaties is likewise taken by the Government; for inter-agency treaties — by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in agreement with the relevant agency.

A negotiating mandate defines the object of the negotiations and the limits of the person's competence. Mandates for inter-state and inter-governmental treaties are issued by the Prime Minister by order and formalised by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; for inter-agency treaties — by the Minister of Foreign Affairs. At the same time, the President, the Prime Minister and the Minister of Foreign Affairs may perform all treaty-related actions without presenting credentials, and heads of diplomatic missions may negotiate for the adoption of a text with the state of residence.

The full text is available on legal.ge after signing in: https://legal.ge/en/service/international-law-en/treaty-negotiation-advisory-en

### How does the treaty process begin?

With recommendations submitted to the Government by parliament, the Supreme Court or the Public Defender, substantiating the expediency.

### What is the deadline for a proposal?

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs submits it to the Government no later than 6 months from the decision.

### Who negotiates without credentials?

The President, the Prime Minister and the Foreign Minister; diplomatic missions — for the adoption of a text.

### How is ratification carried out?

Parliament adopts a resolution by a majority of the full composition, upon which the instrument of ratification is issued.