Breach of the transport safety rules for genetically modified organisms (Art. 87²)

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Is the fine fixed, or is there a range?

It is fixed. Article 87² names exact amounts: 350 lari under part 1, and 1,000 lari under part 2 where the conduct is committed repeatedly. The article sets no range, so there is no intermediate figure inside it.

We are the carrier, not the consignor. Does the article distinguish between us?

Not on its face — the text names no responsible party and no role in the chain. What decides the point is who the particular safety condition rested on and who the protocol names. Contracts and internal allocations of responsibility carry real weight here.

The shipment arrived without incident. Does that end the case?

The text does not name resulting harm or an incident as a separate condition; what it makes punishable is the breach of the safety conditions themselves. So a clean delivery does not close the case automatically, though it is still worth having recorded in the file.

What counts as "repeatedly"?

The article does not say. It names no time window and no conditions, so the point is argued from the general rules of the Code and the facts. If the decision states 1,000 lari, ask which earlier case that finding is built on.

How long do I have to challenge the decision?

Article 87² sets no deadline and names no reviewing body; both are governed by other provisions of the Code, so they have to be read from the document issued in your case rather than assumed from a general rule. What the article itself fixes is only the amount: 350 lari under part 1 and 1,000 lari under part 2.

4 min·22 Aug 2026

What Article 87² covers

Article 87² of the Georgian Code of Administrative Offences deals with a breach of the safety conditions for transporting living genetically modified organisms. Two elements sit inside it: the goods must be living genetically modified organisms, and what is said to have been breached must be a safety condition of their transport. Both elements have to be visible in the file; where one of them is not, the classification itself becomes arguable.

The article does not set out which conditions had to be observed during carriage. It points to the transport safety conditions, which are laid down in separate legislation. So the first thing to establish in a case is which particular condition is said to have been breached. Note too that the article has two parts, each carrying its own fixed figure, so the part cited in your decision deserves attention in its own right. The article's current wording was shaped by the Georgian laws of 18 September 2014 and 20 April 2018.

Breach of the transport safety rules for genetically modified organisms (Art. 87²)