International Humanitarian Law (IHL), also known as the Law of Armed Conflict, is a set of rules seeking to limit the effects of armed conflict for humanitarian reasons. Unlike narrow compliance with the Geneva Conventions, IHL Advisory encompasses a broader spectrum: Hague Conventions on means and methods of warfare, protection of cultural property, cyber warfare, and the use of modern technologies in conflicts. Georgia's geopolitical location and regional challenges (conflicts in the Caucasus and Ukraine) make knowledge of IHL relevant for NGOs, media, the diplomatic corps, and businesses whose operations intersect with conflict zones.
Legal.ge offers access to experts with academic and practical experience providing comprehensive advisory services in the field of IHL. Services include:
- Legal Support for Operational Planning: Planning logistical routes for humanitarian aid delivery in compliance with international law to ensure the safety of cargo and personnel.
- Protection of Cultural Property: Consulting on obligations to protect museums, monuments, and archives during conflict in accordance with the 1954 Hague Convention.
- Legal Analysis of Cyber Operations: Qualifying cyberattacks within the framework of IHL in the context of modern hybrid warfare and defining protection standards for digital infrastructure.
- Safety of Journalists and Media: Preparing legal guides for reporters working in conflict zones regarding their status and rights.
- Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Conflict Zones: Advising on business obligations regarding human rights and IHL respect when operating in high-risk regions.
IHL advisory is critical in various scenarios. For instance, an international charity foundation plans to deliver medicine to a besieged city; they need precise legal argumentation for negotiations with warring parties. In another case, an IT company hosting state data requires analysis on what protection its servers enjoy during a cyberattack under international law. Similarly, a construction company working in a post-conflict zone must be careful not to damage cultural heritage or use forced labor.
In Georgia, IHL norms are integrated into national legislation. The "Criminal Code of Georgia" (Chapter XXXVII) fully reflects the provisions of the Rome Statute (ICC) regarding crimes against humanity and aggression. The "Law on Cultural Heritage" provides for mechanisms to protect monuments in emergency situations. Additionally, the "Law on Cooperation of Georgia with the International Criminal Court" regulates the state's obligations before international justice.
The advisory process begins with a situational analysis. The expert evaluates the specific conflict or situation (international or non-international armed conflict), as legal regimes differ. A Legal Opinion and recommendations are then prepared. This service is particularly valuable for its preventive nature—it helps organizations avoid inadvertent involvement in violations.
On Legal.ge, you will find professionals with international experience in the field of IHL. Amidst global instability, knowledge of International Humanitarian Law is not merely an academic interest but a practical necessity for safe and responsible operations.
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