The Concept of Robbery and Its Distinguishing Sign
Robbery is the open appropriation of another's movable property with the aim of unlawful appropriation. Openness is the distinguishing sign: the person takes the thing in such a way that the victim or another witness sees it. The first part of this composition is punished by a fine or house arrest for six months to two years, or imprisonment for three to five years. The boundary between the secret and the open is often precisely the point where qualification begins: the same act, in a different form, falls under a different article with different sanction limits, and this crossing decides years of the client's liberty.
Qualified Compositions
The same act that caused significant damage or was committed through unlawful entry into premises or other storage is punished by imprisonment for four to six years. The third part concerns acts committed by a group by prior conspiracy, repeatedly, through unlawful entry into a dwelling, by violence not dangerous to life or health or by the threat of such violence, or against a vehicle — the sanction is imprisonment for five to eight years. Under the fourth part, committed by an organised group, in large amount or by a person twice or more convicted for unlawful appropriation or extortion, the sanction reaches imprisonment for seven to eleven years. Each of these signs subjects the charge to separate proof: grouping requires an agreement established before the act, repetition requires documented prior episodes, and the place of entry requires evidence of how access was obtained.
Brigandage and Its Sanction Limits
A separate composition is brigandage — an attack with the aim of unlawful appropriation of another's movable property, committed by violence dangerous to life or health or by the threat of such violence. The first part is punished by imprisonment for five to seven years. Committed through unlawful entry into premises or storage, by a group or against a vehicle, the act is punished by six to nine years; repeatedly, through unlawful entry into a dwelling or with the aim of appropriating property in large amount — by eight to twelve years; by an organised group or by a person with repeated prior convictions — by eleven to fifteen years. The dangerousness of the violence is the leading measure here: violence dangerous to life or health directly transforms the act into brigandage with its markedly graver sanctions.