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  5. Unauthorized Access to Personal Data Defense

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Cybercrime & Digital Forensics

Unauthorized Access to Personal Data Defense

How is the offense formulated under Article 284?

The crime is unauthorized access to a computer system. The concept of a computer system covers a personal computer, any device with a microprocessor, and even a mobile telephone.

Which penalty applies to the basic composition?

A fine, or corrective labor for a term of up to two years, or imprisonment for a term of up to two years.

What happens in cases of significant damage or repetition?

The second part then applies: a fine or corrective labor for up to two years, or imprisonment from two to five years. Significant damage is damage exceeding 2000 GEL, except for a case provided for by another norm of the Code.

When does the penalty reach its maximum?

When the conduct is committed against a subject of a critical information system — then the penalty is imprisonment for a term of three to six years.

What does a lawyer examine in such a case?

The existence of access rights, the concepts of the system and the data, the damage calculation, the aggravating features, and the lawfulness of the evidence. Each of these directions reflects directly on the outcome.

4 min·10 Jan 2026

Unauthorized Access to Personal Data and Criminal Liability

In the modern world the overwhelming majority of personal data is stored in computer systems — databases, corporate servers, cloud services and other online environments. That is why entering such a system without authorization is treated as a crime under the Criminal Code of Georgia, namely Article 284. If this charge has been brought against you, or if your organization's system has become the object of such conduct, it is important to assess the exact legal boundaries of what happened. Below we set out in detail what the article covers, which penalties attach to each of its parts, and on which circumstances the outcome of the case depends.

Updated: 14 Oct 2026

Verified against current law: 9 Jul 2026

Legal basis:

  • საქართველოს სისხლის სამართლის კოდექსი