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Fintech

New Concepts of Digital Law: Big Data, BDCE, and FinTech

The legal regulation of the digital economy requires understanding the technological foundations driving the financial and business sectors. This analysis identifies four essential pillars for legal professionals: Big Data: Substantial volumes of heterogeneous digital data, facts, and unrestricted activities collected at high velocity. It is characterized by real-time processing through advanced analytical algorithms. Big Data Complex Ecosystem (BDCE): An IT infrastructure consisting of integrated systems for data collection, storage, and use. It unites data owners, cloud providers, and academic institutions into a unified infrastructure. Data Architecture: A component of the BDCE that defines how data is processed, stored, and integrated for organizational purposes. It serves as a conceptual model for data governance, lifecycle management, and security. FinTech and Big Personal Data: Financial Technology leverages Big Data, AI, and Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) for platform-based service delivery. This process generates "Big Personal Data"—personal information created or processed within these complex ecosystems.
3 min·
New Concepts of Digital Law: Big Data, BDCE, and FinTech

In the modern digital economy, the formation of a legal environment is inconceivable without understanding the technological foundations that drive the financial and business sectors. The following legal and technological analysis of key terms will significantly assist technology lawyers now and in the future.

1. Big Data

Big Data refers to a substantial volume of heterogeneous and multi-type data, facts, or information in digital form, and unrestricted activity in digital form. It is collected at high velocity from multiple sources and is subject to real-time processing through the application of advanced technologies and analytical algorithms.

Key Characteristics:

  • Substantial Volume: Involves massive amounts of digital data.

  • Heterogeneity (Variety): Consists of diverse and varied types of digital information.

  • High Velocity: Data is collected rapidly and processed in real-time.

  • Advanced Processing: Requires specialized high-performance computing and analytical algorithms.

  • Unrestricted Activity: Includes any digital facts or information.

2. Data Complex Ecosystem

Big Data Complex Ecosystem (BDCE) refers to an information technology infrastructure consisting of an integrated set of systems for the collection, storage, and use of data from various sources. The data ecosystem shall include, but is not limited to, data owners, data analytics providers, data professionals, cloud service providers, industry stakeholders, academic institutions, and research organizations. It further comprises programming languages, software libraries, and algorithms, forming a unified infrastructure for the collection, storage, analysis, and application of data.

Participants: The ecosystem integrates data owners, data analytics providers, data professionals, cloud service providers, industry stakeholders, universities, and research organizations.

Instruments: It provides the common infrastructure required for the analysis and application of data.

3. Data Architecture

Data Architecture is a component and a part of the data complex ecosystem and defines how data shall be processed, stored, integrated, and utilized within an organization for its operational and business purposes.

Data architecture encompasses data models, structures, and types; data governance (including lifecycle management); big data analytics; big data infrastructure (including data acquisition, support by high-performance computing technologies, and processing) and data security.

Data architecture ensures the management of data from its collection, through transformation and distribution, to its final consumption. It constitutes a conceptual model that defines the structure and behavior of systems for the acquisition, processing, and analysis of big data, which exceeds the capacity of traditional data processing systems.

Function: It ensures the management of data from its collection and transformation to its distribution and final consumption.

Scope: It encompasses data models, structures, types, data governance (including lifecycle management), big data analytics, infrastructure (acquisition and processing), and data security.

Conceptual Model: It defines the structure and behavior of systems designed for data sets that exceed the capacity of traditional processing systems.

4. FinTech and Personal Data

Modern Financial Technology (FinTech) is directly linked to new data processing standards:

FinTech: Refers to advanced digital technologies integrated into the financial sector, based on Big Data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), cloud infrastructure, and Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT). It creates the technological foundation for platform-based service delivery.

Big Personal Data: Refers to personal data generated or processed as a result of the Big Data complex ecosystem.

Conclusion

The legal regulation of the digital economy requires in-depth knowledge of data ecosystems and architecture, as these technological models determine both business conduct and the quality of consumer rights protection.

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The ChatGPT Copyright Question Every Georgian Freelancer Is Getting Wrong 2026

The ChatGPT Copyright Question Every Georgian Freelancer Is Getting Wrong 2026

1. Can AI like ChatGPT be considered the author of a work under Georgian law?

No, according to Georgia's Law on Copyright and Related Rights, copyright belongs only to a natural person (human) whose intellectual-creative activity created the work. AI systems cannot be authors, so AI-generated content lacks automatic copyright protection afforded to human works.

2. Who owns the output generated by ChatGPT, and can I use it commercially?

Per OpenAI's Terms of Use, the generated output belongs to the user (with reservations, like OpenAI's right to use inputs for model improvement). Commercial use is allowed if you comply with platform rules, but legal risks like plagiarism or lack of originality may still apply.

3. What are the key legal risks when using AI-generated content?

Main risks include lack of originality leading to plagiarism or copyright infringement (if based on protected works), potential authorship disputes from clients, and evolving international practices (e.g., US Copyright Office requires significant human contribution for protection). Each work needs individual analysis.

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Digital contracts and smart contracts intersect across the following dimensions: Taxonomic Classification: A smart contract is categorized as a subset of an electronic contract. It functions similarly to a traditional agreement, though executed in a comprehensively digitized format. Legal Nature: Smart contracts, analogous to other digital contracts, are encompassed within the legal definition of an electronic document. For a smart contract to constitute a legally binding agreement, it must fulfill the fundamental prerequisites of contract formation and validity (e.g., mutual consent of the parties and adequate terms)—requirements that programming code alone cannot substitute. Functional Overlap: Within the processes of concluding and executing a digital contract, a smart contract may be implemented as a technological utility (for example, as an automated payment mechanism for recurring transactions).
Can Artificial Intelligence Be an Author?

Can Artificial Intelligence Be an Author?

The involvement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can transcend the outcomes predetermined by a user; consequently, AI itself could be perceived as an author, given that modern AI possesses the capability to create works without human intervention. This theory is quite provocative, as it directly contradicts the standard definition of authorship, according to which an author is a natural person through whose intellectual-creative activity a work is produced. It is important to note that the primary-and perhaps only-advantage of machine authorship is that it aligns with the core logic of intellectual property rights, which dictates that the creator is the author.
The Intersection of Big Data and Market Competition in Georgia

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In today's fast-moving digital economy, the lines between where we bank and where we shop, work, and live are becoming increasingly blurred. In Georgia, this evolution has reached a critical tipping point as the nation's two largest financial giants—TBC Group and Lion Finance Group PLC (formerly Bank of Georgia Group)—have successfully built sprawling "digital ecosystems" that touch almost every aspect of a citizen's daily life. From buying a car on MyAuto to managing a small business with Optimo, these platforms are no longer just apps; they have become the "gatekeepers" of the Georgian digital marketplace. While this integration offers undeniable convenience, it raises a profound structural question for our market: What happens when the people who hold our money also hold all of our data?