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Pipeline Law

Am I entitled to compensation if a pipeline crosses my land?

Yes, owners are entitled to compensation for granting usage rights (easement) and for any damages caused by construction.

Can I build a house near a pipeline?

Construction is prohibited within the pipeline protection zone (e.g., 50 meters from the axis). The exact distance depends on the pipeline type.

What is an HGA agreement?

An HGA (Host Government Agreement) is an international treaty between the state and the pipeline consortium defining the legal regime, often overriding local laws.

How is compensation calculated?

Compensation must be based on market value. An independent expert assessment is often required to determine the fair price.

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3 min

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Pipeline law is a critical part of Georgia's energy sector, driven by major international oil and gas pipelines passing through the country (Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan, South Caucasus Pipeline). The construction and operation of pipelines are regulated by a specific legal regime involving international treaties, Host Government Agreements (HGAs), and local legislation. Legal relationships in this field concern land rights (easements), safety zones, environmental protection, and transit tariffs. Disputes often arise between pipeline operators and landowners regarding compensation, as well as due to violations of safety norms.

What does Pipeline Law service cover?

Experts presented on the Legal.ge platform offer services related to pipeline issues:

  • Land Rights and Compensation: Legal assistance for landowners whose plots are crossed by pipelines; determining compensation amounts and negotiating with operator companies (e.g., BP, GOGC).
  • Easements (Servitudes): Registering easements required for pipeline laying and agreeing on terms.
  • Safety Zones: Consulting on restrictions imposed within pipeline protection zones (prohibition of construction or agriculture) and defense in case of violations.
  • Environmental Liability: Disputes regarding compensation for damage caused to the environment or private property due to pipeline leaks or accidents.
  • Regulatory Compliance: Consulting on compliance with technical and safety regulations for pipeline operation.
  • International Agreements: Analysis of Host Government Agreements (HGAs) and Intergovernmental Agreements (IGAs) in the context of a specific dispute.

Common scenarios when you need this service

Legal assistance is necessary in the following cases:

  • When a pipeline company offers land compensation that does not reflect market value.
  • If pipeline construction has damaged your agricultural lands or infrastructure.
  • When you want to build on your plot, but the pipeline operator restricts this right citing safety zones.
  • If an oil leak has occurred and contaminated your territory.

Georgian Legislation and Regulations

Pipeline-related issues are regulated by the Law of Georgia "On Oil and Gas" and the Civil Code (regarding easements). However, for major international pipelines (BTC, SCP), Host Government Agreements (HGAs) have superior force, being ratified by Parliament and forming part of the legislation. These agreements often establish special regimes for land acquisition and compensation.

Service Delivery Process

  1. Rights Analysis: Studying land ownership documents and pipeline route maps.
  2. Valuation: Conducting an alternative audit of damages or land value.
  3. Negotiation: Communicating with the pipeline operator company to increase compensation.
  4. Litigation: Filing a lawsuit if an agreement cannot be reached.

Why choose a specialist on Legal.ge?

Pipeline law requires specific knowledge of international agreements and energy regulations. Legal.ge gives you access to lawyers experienced in dealing with major energy companies who can effectively protect the interests of landowners and businesses.

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Specialists for this service

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